Exploring the Spotted Moon Crab
Today, we'll delve into the life of the Ashtoret lunaris, commonly known as the Yellow Moon Crab, Spotted Moon Crab, or Box Crab.
This intriguing species, a member of the family Matutidae, boasts a rich history and distinctive features that make it a fascinating subject for wildlife enthusiasts and nature guides alike.
A Brief Introduction to Ashtoret lunaris
Ashtoret lunaris is an Indo - Pacific species of carnivorous crab that has made its presence known far beyond its native waters.
Since 2010, this species has been recorded in the eastern Mediterranean, likely migrating from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal - a phenomenon known as Lessepsian migration.
Distinctive Characteristics
The Spotted Moon Crab is notable for its finely grained carapace, adorned with six central tubercles and a linear tubercle along the posterior.
The front of the carapace features straight lobes and a slightly emarginated rostrum, while the lateral margin boasts five small tubercles followed by three larger deltoid ones. The lateral spine measures about one - fifth of the carapace width.
The chelipeds of the Ashtoret lunaris have a five - lobed ridge, with the second and fourth lobes being pointed - the second lobe being the largest.
Males exhibit a finely grained ridge on the outer surface of the dactylus, which is absent in females.
The carapace, typically beige or yellow, is dotted with red - black spots, and the pereiopods end in paddle - shaped tips, aiding in their unique skimming locomotion and rapid burrowing.
Geographic Distribution
Originally found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the Ashtoret lunaris ranges from the Red Sea and the eastern African coast to New Caledonia, Australia, and as far north as Japan.
Its first appearance in the Mediterranean was in 1987 when a single specimen was collected from Haifa Bay.
After a period of no sightings, four females were caught in Iskenderun Bay, Turkey, in 2015, suggesting that the species had established itself in the region.
Life and Behavior
Spotted Moon Crabs thrive in sandy and muddy shores, often near seagrass beds, from the intertidal zone to depths of up to 50 m.
They are predominantly nocturnal, spending daylight hours buried just beneath the substrate, with breathing channels extending to the surface. Their diet includes small shellfish, worms, and occasionally other crabs.
When threatened, Ashtoret lunaris exhibits a fascinating defense mechanism: it draws its legs under the overlapping edges of its carapace and feigns death.
This tactic can make it challenging for predators to dismember the crab, enhancing its chances of survival.
Human Interaction and Uses
In some regions, Ashtoret lunaris is fished for food using nets, although this practice is not common in Singapore.
Its unique appearance and behavior make it a subject of interest for marine biologists and enthusiasts alike.
Historical and Cultural Significance
The species was first described by Swedish zoologist Peter Forsskål in 1775. The name "lunaris" aptly references the moon, while "Ashtoret" nods to the Phoenician moon goddess Ashtoreth, highlighting the crab's celestial connection.
Conclusion
The Spotted Moon Crab, with its distinctive characteristics, wide distribution, and intriguing behaviors, offers a glimpse into the rich diversity of marine life.
Whether you're a seasoned wildlife enthusiast or a curious nature lover, the Ashtoret lunaris is sure to captivate your interest and inspire a deeper appreciation for the wonders of the ocean.
About The Author
Kyle Grobler is a passionate environmentalist and esteemed field guide from Potchefstroom. With an unparalleled love for nature, he boasts a vast collection of over 40,000 photos, illustrating his particular affinity for birds.
Known by many as the embodiment of a true bushman, Kyle has ventured through various South African game reserves and frequently explores the Vaal River's hidden treasures. As a new contributor to the Potch Gazette's environmental page, readers can anticipate immersive tales of Potchefstroom's natural wonders through Kyle's expert lens.
To see more from Kyle and his bush experiences you can also view his Youtube Channel here: Kyle Grobler Photography
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