Exploring the Wild Dagga
South African gardens are graced by the presence of the vibrant and versatile Leonotis leonurus, commonly known as Wild Dagga or Lion's Ear.
Belonging to the Lamiaceae family, this robust shrub is a favorite for its colorful flowers and its ability to attract nectar - feeding sunbirds. It blooms for many months, providing a long and rewarding display of beauty.
Description
Wild Dagga is a fast - growing, soft - woody shrub that reaches heights of 2 - 3 m and a width of 1.5 m.
It boasts mostly erect branched stems, topped with ball - shaped inflorescences bearing bright orange flowers.
The stems are velvety and woody at the base, with a distinctive square cross - section. Despite their strength, the stems can be brittle and break in strong winds.
The leaves of Leonotis leonurus are narrowly lanceolate, measuring 50 - 100 mm in length. They are rough on the upper surface and velvety on the lower, with toothed margins.
When crushed, the leaves emit a strong herby scent. The flower heads are arranged in axillary verticils, appearing in clusters of 3 - 11.
The flowers vary in shades from orange to orange - red, with apricot, yellow, and white forms also known. The white form, Leonotis leonurus var. albiflora, is particularly attractive and widely cultivated.
Conservation Status
Leonotis leonurus is listed as Least Concern on the Red List of South African plants, indicating it is not currently at risk of extinction.
Distribution and Habitat
This plant is common and widespread throughout South Africa, thriving amongst rocks and in grasslands, particularly along the wetter eastern and southern seaboards.
It can be found in sandy, clayey, loam, or stony areas, forest margins, or rough grasslands at altitudes ranging from 5 to 1980 m.
Derivation of Name and Historical Aspects
The name Leonotis comes from the Greek words "leon" (lion) and "- otis" (ear), referring to the pubescent upper lip of each flower, which resembles a lion’s ear.
The specific epithet "leonurus" means lion - colored, alluding to the flower color.
Ecology
Leonotis leonurus is primarily bird - pollinated, attracting nectar - feeding birds like sunbirds. The flowers’ tubular shape and brilliant orange - red color have evolved alongside these birds. Honey bees and other insects also visit the flowers for nectar and pollen.
Once matured, the small, stick - shaped seeds are dispersed by the wind and ants, which are attracted by special oil glands on the seeds. The Bush bronze butterfly also uses this plant as a larval food source.
Uses
Traditionally, Leonotis leonurus has been used in South African medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including headaches, coughs, fever, and dysentery.
It is also used to treat snakebites and as a natural remedy to keep snakes away. An infusion of the flower and leaf treats tapeworm, while the twigs are used in warm baths to soothe skin diseases and muscle cramps.
Animal studies have shown its potential anti - inflammatory and antidiabetic properties, though high doses can be toxic.
Historically, the Hottentot tribe smoked the dry leaves and flowers for their mild narcotic effects, a practice that led to the vernacular name "wild dagga".
Growing Leonotis leonurus
Leonotis leonurus is excellent for attracting wildlife to gardens. It is both drought and frost - hardy, preferring rich, well - drained loamy soils with plenty of compost.
Plant in full sun and water adequately during the growing season. Apply organic fertilizer and mulch to stimulate growth.
The plant can tolerate moderate to severe frost but may enter dormancy in extreme cold. Propagate from seeds, cuttings, or by dividing large clumps.
Seed Collection and Sowing
Collect seeds from dried seed heads in spring or early summer. Sow them in a finely sifted seedling mix and keep them warm but out of direct sun.
Water daily until seedlings emerge, then reduce watering frequency. Seedlings can be planted out once they are large enough to handle and will flower in their first or second growing season under ideal conditions.
Conclusion
Leonotis leonurus is not just a garden beauty; it's a resilient plant with rich historical and ecological significance, making it a cherished addition to South African gardens.
About The Author
Kyle Grobler is a passionate environmentalist and esteemed field guide from Potchefstroom. With an unparalleled love for nature, he boasts a vast collection of over 40,000 photos, illustrating his particular affinity for birds.
Known by many as the embodiment of a true bushman, Kyle has ventured through various South African game reserves and frequently explores the Vaal River's hidden treasures. As a new contributor to the Potch Gazette's environmental page, readers can anticipate immersive tales of Potchefstroom's natural wonders through Kyle's expert lens.
To see more from Kyle and his bush experiences you can also view his Youtube Channel here: Kyle Grobler Photography
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Comments, Suggestions, Stories
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